Acids, Bases and salts important note||class 10 science lesson 2 important notes

Acids:The compounds which contains one or more hydrogen atoms and when dissolved in water produce hydronium ions (H3O+). 

Acids are classified as organic and inorganic acids on the basis of their sources. 

Acids are classified as strong and weak acids on the basis of their strength. 

Base is either a metallic oxide or a metallic hydroxide which reacts with hydronium ions of an acid to form salt and water only. 

An alkali is a base soluble in water. 

The pH of water is 7.Hence it is neutral. 

An acidic solution has a pH less than 7 and  a basic solution has a pH more than 7.

Acidic and basic solution in water conduct electricity because they furnish hydrogen and hydroxide ions respectively. 

Common salt (NaCl) is an important raw materials for various chemicals like sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, bleaching power, etc. 

Salts have various uses in everyday life and in various industries. 

Washing soda (Na2Co3.10H2O). 

*used for removing permanent hardness of water. 

*used as a cleaning agent for domestic purpose. 

Baking soda (NaHCO3) 

*used in soda-acid fire extinguisher. 

*As an ingredients in antacid, it neutralises excess acid in the stomach.